The 12 clauses that decide whether you get paid决定你赔不赔得到的 12 个条款
Every one of these has cost a Malaysian business owner money at claim time. Plain language, no jargon.每一条都曾经让马来西亚的老板在理赔时吃亏。白话，不讲术语。
Utmost Good Faith & Non-Disclosure最大诚信与如实披露
Commercial insurance runs on utmost good faith — you must disclose every material fact honestly, even facts the insurer never asks about. Non-disclosure is the number-one reason claims get rejected in Malaysia.
商业保险以最大诚信为基础——即使保险公司没问，您也必须如实披露每一项重要事实。未披露是马来西亚拒赔的头号原因。
Average Clause (Under-Insurance)比例赔偿条款（保额不足）
If your sum insured is lower than the property's actual value, the insurer pays only a proportionate share — you self-bear the rest, even on a small partial loss.
若保额低于财产实际价值，保险公司只按比例赔付——即使是小额部分损失，差额也得您自己承担。
Reinstatement Value重置价值
The cost to rebuild or replace an asset to its original condition — not its depreciated market value. Insure at reinstatement value to avoid a shortfall at claim time.
将资产恢复至原状的重建或重置成本，而非折旧后的市场价值。按重置价值投保，理赔时才不会短缺。
Excess / Deductible自负额 / 免赔额
The amount you pay out-of-pocket before the insurer covers the rest. A higher excess lowers your premium but raises what you absorb on each claim.
每次理赔中，保险公司赔付前您需先自付的金额。免赔额越高，保费越低，但您每次承担的也越多。
Business Interruption营业中断险
Covers lost gross profit and ongoing fixed costs — rent, salaries — while your business is shut down by an insured event. It is the bill fire insurance never pays.
保障因承保事故停业期间损失的毛利润及持续固定开支——租金、工资。这是火险从不赔的那笔账。
Indemnity Period赔偿期限
The maximum length of time your Business Interruption cover keeps paying — often just 12 months by default. If real recovery takes 18-24 months, you're exposed the day it lapses.
营业中断险持续赔付的最长时间——默认往往只有12个月。若实际复原要18-24个月，一到期您就失去保障。
Breach of Warranty违反保证条款
A warranty is a strict promise in your policy — like keeping fire extinguishers serviced. Break it and the insurer can void the claim, even if the breach had nothing to do with the loss.
保证条款是保单里的绝对承诺——例如灭火器须定期保养。一旦违反，即使与损失毫无关系，保险公司也可拒赔。
Proximate Cause近因原则
Insurers pay based on the dominant, effective cause of a loss. If an excluded peril is the real trigger, the claim fails — even when an insured peril also appears in the chain of events.
保险公司按损失的主导有效原因赔付。若真正的起因是除外风险，即使事件链中也出现承保风险，理赔照样被拒。
Exclusions除外责任
The specific perils and losses a policy will never cover — wear and tear, war, or unreported high-risk activities. Read the exclusions before you rely on any cover.
保单永不承保的特定风险与损失——自然损耗、战争、或未申报的高风险作业。指望任何保障前，先读完除外条款。
Subrogation代位追偿权
After paying your claim, the insurer steps into your shoes to recover the money from whoever caused the loss — you cannot be paid twice for the same damage.
赔付后，保险公司代位向真正的责任方追偿——同一损失，您不能获得两次赔偿。
Contribution分摊原则
When two or more policies cover the same loss, insurers share the payout proportionally instead of each paying in full — insurance indemnifies, it does not let you profit.
当两份或以上保单保障同一损失，各保险公司按比例分摊赔款，而非各自全额赔付——保险是补偿，不是让您获利。
Looking for what a specific policy covers instead? See the cover explainers.想看某一张保单具体保什么？去险种解读。